In today's world many necessary products are made out of plastic. Acrylic, or "polymethyl methacrylate" is one such plastic and can be found in objects as disparate as paint and fake fur. The Americans, the Germans and the British were producing acrylic by 1936 and it was even used to build aircraft canopies during World War II. This form of acrylic, sold under the trade names "Plexiglas" or "Lucite", is very hard and completely transparent. Today "Plexiglas" is used as a substitute for glass as well as marble in faux marble countertops.
While they were working for the Imperial Chemical Industries or ICI, a large British industrial company, in 1933 Reginald Gibson and Eric Fawcett discovered another important plastic. This plastic was "polyethylene", also known as polythene. Today, polyethylene is manufactured in two distinct forms: low density polyethylene or LDPE and high density polyethylene or HDPE.
Polyethylene is a cheap form of plastic used in manufacturing. It is durable yet flexible and chemically resistant. LDPE is often used in packaging materials such as plastic bags, while the thicker HDPE is used in cars, plumbing and containers. "Polyfluoroethylene" is an even stronger material that is created when polyethylene is treated with fluorine gas.
Polypropylene, another important plastic, was discovered in the early 1950s. Who invented polypropylene was a question debated for almost forty years. In fact, polypropylene was invented nearly simultaneously by no fewer than nine separate parties. As polypropylene is derived from polyethylene, a known and common plastic by that time, it is not unexpected that several scientists would discover this new derivative. Even so, the case of polypropylene is an extraordinary example of this phenomenon. The legal battle over the patent for polypropylene continued until 1989.
Polypropylene is another cheap plastic but is more durable than its predecessor polyethylene. It is used in plastic bottles, carpets and is integral to the making of automobile parts. Paul Hogan and Robert Banks, two Americans working with the Netherlands based company Phillips Petroleum, are now credited with its invention.
Polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET), another plastic, is a softer transparent material and can be used to make polyester film when put through the process of extrusion. This film is often used in packaging, specifically in window patching, the practice of adding a small transparent "window" in a package so that the consumer can see the product.
The film is made by extruding "polyethylene terephtalate resin". This plastic is melted and then extruded on a chill roll whereupon it becomes malleable. The molecules of the plastic reorient the new plastic crystallizes as it warms.
Polyester film is now widely used in sandwich packaging. Its vapour resistance helps protect the product against moisture. This mean that the product, in this case sandwiches, remain fresh on the shelf for longer. Polyester film is also able to tolerate large swings in temperature, making it perfect for food products, as it will survive both the freezer and the oven.
While they were working for the Imperial Chemical Industries or ICI, a large British industrial company, in 1933 Reginald Gibson and Eric Fawcett discovered another important plastic. This plastic was "polyethylene", also known as polythene. Today, polyethylene is manufactured in two distinct forms: low density polyethylene or LDPE and high density polyethylene or HDPE.
Polyethylene is a cheap form of plastic used in manufacturing. It is durable yet flexible and chemically resistant. LDPE is often used in packaging materials such as plastic bags, while the thicker HDPE is used in cars, plumbing and containers. "Polyfluoroethylene" is an even stronger material that is created when polyethylene is treated with fluorine gas.
Polypropylene, another important plastic, was discovered in the early 1950s. Who invented polypropylene was a question debated for almost forty years. In fact, polypropylene was invented nearly simultaneously by no fewer than nine separate parties. As polypropylene is derived from polyethylene, a known and common plastic by that time, it is not unexpected that several scientists would discover this new derivative. Even so, the case of polypropylene is an extraordinary example of this phenomenon. The legal battle over the patent for polypropylene continued until 1989.
Polypropylene is another cheap plastic but is more durable than its predecessor polyethylene. It is used in plastic bottles, carpets and is integral to the making of automobile parts. Paul Hogan and Robert Banks, two Americans working with the Netherlands based company Phillips Petroleum, are now credited with its invention.
Polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET), another plastic, is a softer transparent material and can be used to make polyester film when put through the process of extrusion. This film is often used in packaging, specifically in window patching, the practice of adding a small transparent "window" in a package so that the consumer can see the product.
The film is made by extruding "polyethylene terephtalate resin". This plastic is melted and then extruded on a chill roll whereupon it becomes malleable. The molecules of the plastic reorient the new plastic crystallizes as it warms.
Polyester film is now widely used in sandwich packaging. Its vapour resistance helps protect the product against moisture. This mean that the product, in this case sandwiches, remain fresh on the shelf for longer. Polyester film is also able to tolerate large swings in temperature, making it perfect for food products, as it will survive both the freezer and the oven.
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